The sensitivity of cyprinid fish to these extracts and the corresponding attractive odor zones are given in Table 1. Importantly, at the indicated concentrations (dilutions) of water extracts fish display active feed-searching responses.

Table 1. Chemosensory sensitivity of cyprinid fish to water extracts of feeding invertabrates

Species	Chemosensory sensitivity, g/l	Volume of attractive odor zone, l
roach, Rutilus rutilus silver crucian, Carassius auratus gibelio	10-3	1000
carp, Cyprinus carpio tench, Tinca tinca barbel, Barbus barbus	10-4	10000

The chemosensory sensitivity of cyprinids to water extracts of crustaceans, like water louses, Asellus aquaticus, and molluscs, like zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, are approximately the same.

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Using goundbaits with the certain amounts of attractive components, you can calculate the attractive odor zones created by these groundbaits (Table 2).

Table 2. Radii of odor zones for cyprinid fish (for 1 and 10 grams of crushed bloodworms)

Volume of attractive odor zone, l	Volume of attractive odor zone, cubic m	Radius of attractive odor zone in form of semisphere, m
1000	1	0.80
10000	10	1.70
100000	100	3.60

When the depth at fishing location is more than 3 m, you can calculate an odor zone in the form of semisphere: v = 2πR³/3. More, when the depth at fishing location is less than 3 m, you can imagine the same odor zone in the form of simple cylinder.

Practically all world manufacturers of fishing groundbaits do not give correct information about the nature and concentrations of attractive components included in their products. This is direct and flagrant violation of the rights of consumers, because you are forced to buy suspicious products of unknown or semi-known origin with unknown effectiveness.